Condenser mics and ribbon mics will need phantom power (a small amount of electrical current), which usually transmits through an XLR connector cable. Of the three, only a dynamic microphone can function with no outside power source. The world of microphones is broken into three categories: dynamic microphones, condenser microphones, and ribbon microphones. “That’s why this style of microphone is so ubiquitous in film and television, where they’re used as boom mics.” You could potentially connect a shotgun mic to an iPhone if you’re interviewing people on the street and need something that’s portable and aims directly at your subject. “A shotgun mic will still cut out a lot of background noise without being right in someone’s face,” Dave says. “This will help you minimize the room noise because you can place the speakers up close on the microphone.” If you’re not going to be able to get your subject close to the mic, consider a shotgun microphone. “For podcasting and close-miking, you’ll usually want to go with a cardioid or a hyper-cardioid polar pattern,” Dave says. That’s because an omnidirectional mic will capture the voice of the person you want to hear, but it will also pick up all the surrounding noise you don’t want. “You probably don’t want to buy an omnidirectional mic for recording dialogue,” Dave says. For instance, an omnidirectional microphone captures sound from all directions. Microphones are customized to capture sound from specific angles. “Are you doing a lot of intense, remote field recording? Or will you mostly be recording at home?” Answering that question will guide you toward the right microphone. Dave urges someone in the market for a microphone to think about whether they need a studio microphone that stays in one place or a portable microphone that travels with you. Here are his criteria for what makes a great microphone. Los Angeles-based producer, composer, and audio engineer Dave McKeever has over 25 years of experience recording with microphones of all styles and price ranges.
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